Coronary Surgery
Author: rusman
There are several options for the treatment of coronary artery blockages ranging from treatment with various drugs, the reopening of blockages by catheters with inflatable balls, the inclusion of mesh or springs to keep the artery open (stents) or intervention Surgical connect new pipelines that bring blood past the obstructions (bridges or by-pass) without removing any segment of the blocked artery.
In the event that surgery is indicated, the materials used to make these bridges are usually arteries or veins from a patient’s own body parts. The surgeon has a number of options available, the most used as follows: left internal mammary artery and right radial artery, gastroepiploic artery and saphenous vein.
Coronary arteries on the surface of the heart and the path is the most frequent surgical sternotomy. That is, a vertical incision dividing the breastbone and opening the pericardial sac allows direct viewing of the entire front of the heart and by a slight displacement of the heart to reach any point on the surface.
The coronary arteries are a very fine caliber and most of the diameters of the arteries on which you have to make the connections, or anastomoses were found between 1.5 and 2.2 mm. Surgeons use optical amplification systems and extremely fine suture material. The difficulty is the constant motion of the heart.
You can use different fastening systems, exposure and immobilization, which allow the anastomosis or connections with relative ease. This would be included in the technique called off-pump coronary surgery.
The other option available to surgeons is to use cardiopulmonary bypass or pump. Basically, once exposed is the heart, insert a cannula or tubes that drain all the blood to the heart by a mechanical pump and returning it to the patient’s arterial system after passing through an artificial oxygenator. This system replaces the functions performed by the lungs (oxygenate the blood) and heart (pump pressure). Once the support of this pump, it is impossible not to ventilate the patient’s lungs and stop his heart to speak with greater ease. Once all connections restarted the heart and lung activity and the pump can be disconnected and removed.
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