Surgery Notes

Archive for February, 2012

The Hospital Clinic of Barcelona last week made ??the first sex change operation to a child in Spain after a judge authorized the intervention in November.

This is the first child who undergoes a sex change intervention in Spain and one of the few in the world. Clinic sources have indicated that the operation was in the hospital, but was the responsibility of the private health care company Barnacle, which is linked to the hospital.

The patient, a boy of 16 years, took more than a year and a half following hormonal and psychiatric treatment as a step to have an operation of this type. As recognized by Dr. Ivan Manero, the surgeon who performed the operation, suffered from gender dysphoria since age five. This means that ” a woman’s head was in a body that developed in a man.”

The boy who wanted to be a girl had the support of his family and doctors, but the law only allows sex change operation at age 18 if they have a warrant. The judge gave the green light to the operation after analyzing the forensic reports were in favor of the intervention.

The operation, which has been paid by the family, it has successfully developed and she is well, “happy” and already has a normal life.

In the OR
To get what she craved from her infancy, the lowest was in the operating room about two hours and this time he created a space to give it a vagina in the perineum, which was covered with the skin of the penis.

And with a piece of glans and penile dorsal nerves, which are removed in surgery, he built a clitoris “fully functional and fully sensitive” and cut his urethra to leave it as that of women, the level of the vaginal entrance. The intervention also removed the testicles and scrotum were reconstructed with the labia majors.

After surgery, the child will no longer require psychological support, but hormone treatment-estrogen-female, for life to prevent early declassification of the bones, as in women with menopause by the decline in hormones.

Seven out of ten people home undergoing gender reassignment intervention, as this surgery Maestro called, occurs in men who feel women.

I just read a story that has left me stone and strengthens me in my conviction that there are people who should be sterilized medical and unhealthy rotting in any third world prison. In the state of Madhya Pradesh in India, performed surgeries gender reassignment (sex change) newborns. Yes, you read that right, some parents (of a better term) leave her daughter (always girls) in the hands of the surgeon to change the sex and transform their female genitals into a penis.

In Intereconomia read that the Catholic Church of India condemns the procedure, and that this would have been made ??and at least 300 girls. According to this website, Fe Indian families believe that having a child guarantees salvation. The procedure costs $ 3000 and comes complete with the administration of male sex hormones. Having a girl in India involves among other things having to pay the dowry at the wedding, which is why having a daughter is an expense and have a child with a investment. is what has raised the marriage as a business. President of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics, Indore, said that in addition lead to irreversible trauma to babies when subjected to a sex change, this intervention will have long term implications. “The baby will not grow with a normal hormonal influence, which will lead to their infertility and impotence,” he said, explaining that the girls who undergo a genitoplasty not develop as children. Some societies still live in the Middle Ages but with the technology of the XXI century. The other solutions in India, when you have a girl and not want it, are abortion, murder or neglect.

Cuba, which underwent 15 surgeries since 2008 sex change to Cubans living on the island, still lacks the conditions to carry them out to foreigners, but “will” in “the future”, said in Havana sexologist Mariela Castro, daughter of President Raul Castro.

“For now, foreigners do not do this type of treatment. In the future when we will (more) specialists, and the entire surgical team well prepared,” said Mariela Castro, stressing that “for now” these operations are reserved for “Cubans living in Cuba.”

The sexologist, 49, explained that “there are foreign specialists” who have “requested” to the National Sex Education Center, she leads, working “together” in surgery, “to serve the people of the region, but conditions have not yet in the country to do so. “

“There are many applications and we have clarified that we will not still out there,” said Mariela Castro, who carried out from the center, with the support of his father, a national crusade against homophobia and respect for the rights of homosexuals.

Mariela said, in a press conference on the VI Cuban Congress on Education, Orientation and Therapy, with the participation from Monday to Thursday next in Havana around 300 experts, including about 50 foreigners from 17 countries.

The surgeries, which take place within the national health system, totally free, were resumed 20 years after being suspended after a first and only, man to woman, who was controversial in a society that carries decades of discrimination against homosexuals and machismo.

Who feels 100% satisfied with your body? Normally very few people are. Bad than good we all have something we would like to improve, change, delete, edit, upload, download, reduce or increase. Even those who seem privileged nature are to be those most resort to the aid of a scalpel. Dissatisfaction may be an inherent human condition that is only a symptom of our consumer world, but the fact is that. Thousands of women seeking performed a breast augmentation , and no longer calls attention to anyone, and if that is your interest … excellent!

But every day we hear of cases where the result was not what was expected and instead of a better figure, the patient is a drama that has only begun. Unless you have placed in the hands of plastic surgeons who are not crooks or ordinary offering anything cheaply, largely disappointment stems from the lack of information sought, sometimes by the desire to be breast augmentation desperately! In order to have a tale ending where everyone is happy, it is important to be well informed, assess the risks and benefits and decide calmly and responsibly. Here are some points to consider.

1. Your surgery is individual, and the results of another person will not necessarily be the same as yours. You should talk with your doctor to tell you what your best options for breast augmentation, according to your measurements, texture, history, etc.., And what results to expect.

2. Surgery is not like mathematics. It can provide expected results, but there is always a margin of error or difference of the model. Talk to your surgeon about these margins so you know what breast augmentation can do for you.

3. Be clear that change an important part of your body, but you will still be who he is. If you want to get breast augmentation to improve her figure because not satisfied and want to feel better about yourself, that’s fine, but if you do to keep a partner or get another, or because sometimes you feel depressed and do not know what to do, then you may want to think again until you can have a clearer picture. If in doubt, see a psychologist is an excellent decision.

4. The intervention for breast augmentation requires postoperative period with rest and care, plus it will have some pain and discomfort. Find a time during the year where you can have that space and take due care and recovery shall be adequate and the results too.

5. A breast augmentation surgery is highly specialized and should only be done by a very competent and experienced professional in suitably equipped for that matter. Do not skimp effort to ensure professional care that guarantees good results, in beauty and health.

6. Be safe. Before choosing the size, shape and other details of breast enlargement, examine photos, meet people who have done the procedure, find information and share it with your doctor who may advise you to have then an optimal result.

Malnutrition
Children who do not receive adequate nutrients may present with malnutrition. When the amount of food (and energy) required for the development of children is inadequate, there may be underweight (thin children). However, even when weight is normal, a child may be malnourished. Malnourished children may have abnormal pigmentation of hair, skin disorders and are more often victims of infectious diseases. They do not have adequate defenses and develop physically and intellectually to the fullest.

Also, if there is a specific deficiency of some element, such as iron, anemia can occur whose consequences include poor school performance, decreased concentration, decreased growth and lack of intellectual skills.

Anemia is common especially in younger children who still do not get (for lack of appetite usually) solid iron-rich foods like red meat and organ meats. Anemia can also occur because the iron in food is of poor quality and not absorbed, especially when the consumption of vitamin C (which helps absorb the iron) is low. Later you will see the importance of iron to prevent anemia.

Also, malnutrition disorders include excessive consumption of certain food groups that bring harmful consequences for the child. Refined sugars (found in soft drinks, soda, candy etc..) Predisposed, egg cavities appear.

Excess calories can lead to childhood obesity, a disease that also produce psychological distress to the child, more easily leads to obesity in adulthood and a predisposition to certain diseases prevalent in developed countries. Excessive intake of calories and fat can lead to abnormal increase in blood fats like cholesterol and triglycerides.

Anemia. Decreased iron stores
Iron is an essential part of hemoglobin (the pigment that gives color to red blood cells) whose duties include carrying oxygen to the tissues and collect the CO2 produced by them. The iron and hemoglobin, are therefore fundamental in the formation and renewal of the blood. Children have higher iron requirements because they have a fast metabolism, are growing and their bodies are in the process of maturation. Besides physical activity requires an adequate oxygenation of all tissues.

Foods rich in iron include red meat and all the viscera of animals. Other plant foods may have iron but this is not absorbed well. If power is combined with adequate amounts of vitamin C, iron is absorbed better.

Did you know that among all the cures and methods to help you stop snoring or treat your sleep apnea, laser surgery for snoring is probably one of the most effective method available today? Here is a brief summary of the method: The procedure is called uvulopalatoplasty also named LAUP, this procedure is simple, but probably not for everyone. The surgeon uses a laser to cut her uvula (The uvula is the tissue that dangles at the back of the mouth). In this way remove the obstruction in your airways. The success rate of this surgery to help patients stop snoring is quite high.

How does laser surgery for snoring work?
Laser surgery for snoring is an outpatient procedure, meaning you do not have to stay in the hospital after the surgery is performed. It is a complete local anesthesia, which is sprayed on the back of oral cavity, tonsils, uvula and soft palate. Next, local anesthesia is injected into the muscle of the uvula. After several minutes have passed, the surgeon uses a laser to make two vertical cuts in the mouth on each side of the uvula. This shortens the uvula and gets rid of what was once the obstruction causing your snoring.

The entire operation is performed while you are sitting straight in a chair. Often, it takes more than one procedure to complete the surgery, in fact, can take up to five laser surgery for snoring to complete the operation. When multiple surgeries are required, are in any space of four to eight weeks from one another.

After laser surgery for snoring performed, most likely see a rapid recovery. Immediately after the procedure, most people an experience of pain, similar to that of a sore throat, that occurs when swallowing. This can take up to ten days, and may be relieved by over-the-counter medications. Although patients are not able to witness the results of laser surgery for snoring, sleeping partners will definitely notice a difference!

After a difficult time making a decision?
If you are wondering whether to have laser surgery for snoring or not I totally understand you. After all a part of our body is removed never s small decision, even if it is a small piece of tissue in the part of back of your mouth. It is best to consult your doctor. After some small tests and questions your doctor should be able to tell if you are suffering from a serious snoring problem. You can talk to him about LAUP and if he thinks you’re a good candidate will probably have to participate in a sleep study. This is made ??sure that the suffering of a serious problem of snoring or sleep apnea.

The breast augmentation surgery is one of the most common today. Implants have been improving over time. The authorized medical clinics are used prosthesis with three layers of silicone and cohesive gel. This gel is very dense with the peculiarity that if coverage is broken, content does not leak.

Before, breast implants were different. They had fewer layers and the gel was liquid, so if the implant was breaking the gel could go to other parts of the body causing complications. These implants should be replaced old after a few years depending on the implant.

In the case of surgery with breast implants high quality, you need not replace them. Only necessary if you notice pain, any asymmetry or if it forms a encapsulamient or.

* After breast augmentation surgery in generating preventive monitoring is recommended. Should undergo a regular medical supervision, clinical and radiological.

* To limit the risk of rupture, compression of the breast should not be exaggerated, the patient should be advised systematically radiologist or the handler of the presence of implants, the doctor being the one to decide the technique should be used.

* Like all women, breast palpation should be performed monthly, especially after the rule.

* You also need to inform your gynecologist for the presence of breast implants.

* After breast reconstruction, in addition to regular cancer surveillance, we recommend checking with your surgeon regularly.

* Your surgeon will have to give the patient card that contained all the information related to their implants. This card must always carry.

The sex-change surgeries are increasingly booming. However, despite advances in technology, is still considered a serious procedure, costly and delicate, but what is and what it is? What does the science, sociology and psychology?

The most recent famous case is that of Chaz Bono, who underwent this surgical procedure earlier this year. And although neither the U.S. nor Mexico has the exact data of patients who undergo this procedure, the National Transgender Center in Washington estimates that the number amounts to 1 percent of the population.

Lynn Carr, a professor at Seton Hall University in New Jersey, which studies the relationships between sex, gender and sexuality, points to the site the first misunderstanding regarding this issue is the terminology used: “Sex is biological, for example, male or female, gender is social, for example, female or male, whereas sexuality refers exclusively to erotic theme, for example, heterosexual, bisexual, homosexual, celibate. “

“So unhappy with the gender role does not mean that that person is unhappy with that genre specifically. Many people may or may not agree with the stereotypes of gender, for example,” he says.

For transgender people, however, the gender issues that go far beyond the mere stereotype. Thus the term transgender is used to describe people whose gender identity is different from that assigned to it by birth.

Transgender people may have hormonal changes in their bodies or surgically to alter their gender. Subsequent hormone therapy is recommended for men who want to have a female body or vice versa.

A 2007 study by the British Journal of Urology International noted that the majority of patients, 80 percent of those who had undergone gender reassignment surgery were happy with the results, even after having gone through a painful stage or have had complications (27 percent urinary problems, vaginal hair growth 29 percent).

However, from the psychological point of view, this decision is not easy. According to psychologist Ilene Donin, feeling uncomfortable with your body goes beyond the surgery itself, because for a long time have been difficult to channel powerful thoughts, once the operation is performed, such as:

Persistent desire of membership of the other sex.
- Feeling uncomfortable about sex and feel himself to be born the wrong sex.
- Stress caused by these feelings.

The psychologist says, therefore, that happiness does not come with the change of sex only, but you need to know who is preparing for what comes next, and knowing the support system you have With family, work or friends.

The sex change process takes on average two years, which include psychotherapy and hormone therapy. According to the Mexican Institute of Sexuality (IMESEX) surgery from male to female is three times more frequent than female to male.

How do you do?
The most common male to female is removing the testicles and penis makes an investment, which is to enter the penile tissue to build a tunnel inside. With the glans clitoris ago. Must be introduced by at least three months a kind of plastic pipe to maintain the open cavity.

The doctors recommended until recently it only to adults, however, the most recent case is that of a teenager after a year and a half of hormone therapy and psychiatric underwent surgery at 16 years of age Spain.

The female to male operation, begins with a mastectomy removed the breasts and give them a more masculine aesthetic, even muscular.

After establishing the penis and testicles. To do this we proceed to do a “dump” all the female organ (uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes) and then performs phalloplasty. Wraps a piece of skin from English and muscle mass of the inner thigh, arm or abdomen, to be implemented in the pubic area.

The cutaneous nerves are attached to the nerve of the clitoris with the aim of recovering the erogenous sensitivity, which is not always possible and is one of the high cost of this procedure. After a year or so you can place a prosthesis to allow erectile erections.